Affaires : les banques Européennes dans la tourmente en Afrique

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Affaires : les banques Européennes dans la tourmente en Afrique

De plus en plus, les institutions bancaires de l’Europe se désengagent du marché africain en raison du faible rendement que celles-ci subissent

Ces dernières années, les banques étrangères, notamment européennes ont réduit leur présence sur le marché Africain. Selon ces sociétés qui se retirent du marché Africain, les performances économiques de leurs filiales ne sont pas telles qu’escomptées. Récemment les médias ont annoncé l’intention de retrait de la banque française Société Générale sur le marché Marocain. Cette sortie s’ajoutera aux départs déjà annoncés dans six pays africains (Burkina Faso, Congo-Brazzaville, Guinée équatoriale, Mauritanie, Mozambique et Tchad), depuis l’arrivée de Slawomir Krupa à la tête de la banque, en mai 2023. La Société générale reste pour l’heure bien positionnée en Afrique de l’Ouest (Sénégal, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinée…), mais elle a ouvert une « réflexion stratégique » sur l’avenir de sa filiale en Tunisie. Aussi, les géants britanniques que sont Barclays et Standard Chartered ont fait les annonces allant dans le même sens. Avant les cas suscités, BNP Paribas avait considérablement réduit son positionnement en Afrique. Toujours présente en banque de détail au Maroc et en Algérie, elle a signé des accords de cession en 2022 pour ses participations au Sénégal et en Côte d’Ivoire. Entre 2019 et 2020, elle était parvenue à revendre ses 47 % dans sa banque gabonaise, et avait cédé le contrôle de son entité en Tunisie. Un autre français qui a quitté le continent est le Crédit Agricole. La banque a cédé en 2022 une première tranche de 63.7% dans Crédit du Maroc, et se délestera d’ici un an des 15 % qui lui restent. Fin 2018, le groupe BPCE s’était lui aussi désengagé, avec la vente de ses participations au Cameroun, à Madagascar, en République démocratique du Congo et en Tunisie. Le journal Le Monde a souligné que, une autre raison à ces désinvestissements serait « la succession de crises : contre-choc pétrolier, Covid-19, guerre en Ukraine, sur fond d’instabilité politique et sécuritaire, a douché l’enthousiasme ».

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